玩具安全：美國消費品安全改進法案修正案HR2715

2011年8月12日，美國總統正式簽署消費品安全改進法案修正案HR2715，使其成為美國法律Public Law No. 112-28。該法案關于測試方面的主要更新如下：

1） 鉛含量限制
⊙  2011年8月14日及之后生產的兒童產品必須滿足新基材鉛含量限值100ppm。目前市場上銷售的不滿足100ppm但符合300ppm限值要求的產品，可以一直銷售到2011年8月14日以后。

⊙  機動非公路使用車輛包括雪車不受鉛含量限值管理。

⊙  自行車及相關產品： 2011年12月31日之后，金屬部件的鉛含量不得超過300ppm。

⊙  除金屬首飾外的二手兒童產品不受管制，但若售賣者明確了解其產品違反了鉛含量限制則除外。

⊙  若某項產品、某類產品、材料或元件符合以下三個要求，消費品安全委員會可賦予豁免：
a)  包含鉛為產品功能所需，或者無法從實際應用或技術上去除鉛；
b)  產品、元件或材料不太可能被放入口中或吞咽；
c)  對公眾健康或安全無可測量到的負面影響

2） 第三方鉛含量測試的豁免（但仍需遵循鉛限值要求）
⊙  自行車金屬組件

⊙  一般書籍及紙類印制的材料

3） 鄰苯二甲酸鹽限制的應用
⊙  鄰苯限值要求不適用于不可觸及的兒童玩具或兒童護理產品的組件。

非測試方面的修訂包括溯源標簽、ASTM F963、耐用育嬰產品及CPSC公共數據庫方面的少量豁免與修訂。

詳情請參考：
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h112-2715

On Aug 12, 2011, US President formally signed Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) reform bill HR2715 as US Public Law No. 112-28. The main updates on TESTING are as follows:

1） Limitation on Lead
⊙  Children's products manufactured on or after Aug 14, 2011 must comply with the new lead content limit100ppm. The related products on market complying with 300ppm limit can be sold after Aug 14, 2011 evenif their component had lead content higher than 100ppm.
⊙  Motorized off-highway vehicles including snowmobiles are exempted from lead content limit.

⊙  Bicycles and related products: after Dec 31, 2011, total lead content for any metal component part of the products should not exceed the limit of 300ppm.
⊙  Used children's products, except metal jewelry are exempted unless the seller had actual knowledge on lead content limit violation.
⊙  The CPSC may grant exceptions for a specific product, class of products, material or component part if all three of the following criteria are met:
a)  The inclusion of lead is required for product to function or it is not practicable ortechnologically feasible to remove it;
b)  The product, component or material is not likely to be placed in mouth or ingested；
c)  There's no measurable adverse effect on public health or safety.

2） Third Party Lead Testing Exemptions（the lead limits should still be followed）
⊙  Metal component parts on bicycles
⊙  Ordinary books and paper-based printed materials

3） Application of Phthalates Limit
⊙  Phthalates limit do not apply to any component part of children's toys or childcare articles that isinaccessible to a child.
There're also some exceptions and modifications on non-testing aspects including tracking labels, ASTM F963, durable nursery products and CPSC public database.

For detailed information, please visit:
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h112-2715